Medicare Wages

Medicare is similar to many other government programs in that the program is funded through taxpayer dollars. According to the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the total amount spent on Medicare reached nearly $830 billion in 2020. The trade-off for you having access to affordable Medicare coverage in retirement is that you must make regular contributions to the program throughout your income-earning years.

The Medicare tax is deducted from your paychecks through a payroll tax known as FICA, or the Federal Insurance Contributions Act. This tax, which virtually all working Americans must pay, supports the funding of both the Medicare and Social Security programs. In addition to the portion of the Medicare tax you pay, your employer pays a matching tax on your Medicare wages.

Your Medicare wages differ from your gross wages. Before Medicare taxes are applied to your wages, certain things are subtracted from your gross wages, such as your payments to medical insurance and life insurance plans. The amount left over after subtracting those costs is known as your Medicare wages, and your Medicare wages are the amount you will pay Medicare taxes on.

Your gross wages are typically the total amount of income you have earned before anything else is subtracted.

According to rates set by the Internal Revenue Service, the current Medicare tax rate is 1.45%. This tax is paid by both you and your employer, who contributes a matching 1.45%.

There is no cap on the amount of your Medicare wages that are subject to the Medicare tax. However, if your Medicare wages are above $200,000 in a year, then you will owe an additional 0.9% Medicare tax on the excess wages. This tax is a relatively new addition, going into effect in 2013 to help fund the Affordable Care Act.

For married couples who file jointly, wages above $250,000 will be subject to the additional tax. If you are married but filing separately, the additional tax kicks in only if your individual Medicare wages exceed $125,000.

If you are self-employed, you must pay a 2.9% Medicare tax on your Medicare wages instead of the typical 1.45%. This is because you are essentially paying both parts of the tax: the amount you owe (1.45%) and the matched amount an employer would pay (1.45%).

All income earners must also pay Social Security taxes on top of your Medicare taxes. The current Social Security tax rate is 6.2%, and this amount, just like the Medicare tax, must be matched by your employer.

Typically, everyone who works and receives an earned income must pay Medicare taxes. There are no exemptions to this tax for self-employed workers or other special scenarios.

In addition, any contributions you make toward your retirement, such as contributions to a 401(k) account or other deferred compensation arrangement, are taxable. However, employer contributions to a qualified retirement plan are exempt from Social Security and Medicare taxes.

Exemptions to FICA taxes do exist for students. If a student is being paid by the school and is also studying at the school, their earnings will not be taxed, either by Medicare or by Social Security.